English Grammar Practice

• A1Be: am, is and areUse am with I, is with he, she and it, and are with you, we and they. The verb be changes to match the subject.I am ready for class.She is from Toronto.10 left
• A1Questions and negationUse do, does or did to form most questions and negatives. Use be directly when be is the main verb.Do you work nearby?She does not drive.10 left
• A1Nouns and pluralsRegular count nouns usually take -s in the plural, while irregular and uncountable nouns use their own forms.There are three boxes by the door.The children are playing outside.10 left
• A1Determiners and possessivesDeterminers identify nouns, and possessives show who or what something belongs to.That is my passport.The keys belong to her.10 left
• A1Prepositions of place and timeUse at for precise times, on for days and dates, and in for months, years and enclosed places.The class starts at nine.The clinic is beside the bank.10 left
• A1Can, cannot and imperativesCan is followed by the base verb. Imperatives use the base verb, and do not makes a negative instruction.You can use the side entrance.You must show your card.10 left
• A2Past and future basicsUse the past for finished events, was or were plus -ing for an action in progress, and will or be going to for future events.I visited the clinic yesterday.She was cooking when I called.10 left
• A2Quantifiers and countabilityUse many and few with count nouns, much and little with uncountable nouns, and some or any according to the meaning and sentence type.There is some milk in the fridge.We have only a few minutes.10 left
• A2Modals for advice and obligationShould gives advice, must expresses strong obligation, and have to describes an outside requirement.You should contact the office.You must wear a helmet.10 left
• A2Relative clausesRelative clauses describe a noun. Use who for people, which for things, whose for possession, and where for places.The person who called yesterday left a message.This is the form that you requested.10 left
• A2Verb patternsSome verbs take a gerund and others take an infinitive. The verb or preposition before the blank determines the pattern.She enjoys reading novels.They decided to remain.10 left
• A2Present perfect contrastsUse present perfect for an unfinished time or a present result, and simple past with a finished time such as yesterday.I have lived in this city since June.She travelled there yesterday.10 left
• B1Subject-verb agreementA verb agrees with its true subject, not with whatever noun sits nearest it. Phrases that come between the two — of the tools, along with her children — do not change the subject.The list of applicants is on the desk.Neither of the forms was signed.10 left
• B1Fragments and run-onsA sentence needs a subject and a finite verb and must not depend on a missing clause. Two complete clauses need a joining word or a semicolon between them, never a bare comma.Because the road was closed, we took the bridge.The rain stopped, and the crews went back out.10 left
• B1Misplaced modifiersA modifier attaches to whatever it sits beside, so put it beside what it describes. Words like only and almost change meaning entirely depending on where they land.Walking to the bus stop, she noticed the broken sign.She almost spent the whole afternoon at the clinic.10 left
• B1Choosing a tensePresent simple states habits and general truths; past simple states finished events at a known time; will states a decision about the future. Keep one tense until a reason to change appears.She takes the 7:15 bus every weekday.They moved to Halifax in 2019.10 left
• B1Present perfectPresent perfect links a past event to now: the time is unfinished, unstated, or the result still matters. A finished time word such as yesterday forces the simple past instead.He has lived in Calgary since 2020.They have already filed the paperwork.10 left
• B1Passive voiceThe passive puts the receiver of the action first, using a form of be plus the past participle. Use it when the doer is unknown, obvious, or beside the point.The sidewalk is cleared by seven each morning.The forms were mailed last week.10 left
• B1Comparatives and superlativesShort adjectives take -er and -est; longer ones take more and most. Compare two things with the comparative, three or more with the superlative, and never use both forms at once.This route is busier than the old one.It is the shortest way to the ferry.10 left
• B1ConditionalsThe if clause carries no will. Present plus will describes a likely future; past plus would describes an unreal present; past perfect plus would have describes an unreal past.If the road is closed, we take the bridge.If it snows tonight, the crews will start at five.10 left
• B1Reported speechReporting a past statement usually shifts the verb one step back and changes words that point to the speaker's here and now. A reported question keeps statement word order.She said the office closed at four.He asked whether the form was ready.10 left
• B1Choosing a pronounA pronoun takes the case its own clause gives it, and must point unmistakably to one noun. Subject forms do subject work even when joined to another name.The landlord gave my roommate and me the keys.Each tenant must sign their own form.10 left
• B1Compound and complex sentencesCoordinators join equals; subordinators make one clause depend on another and can start the sentence. A conjunctive adverb such as however needs a semicolon or a full stop before it.The bus was late, so she walked.Although the shop was closed, the counter was still open.10 left
• B1Future formsUse present simple for schedules, present continuous for arrangements, be going to for plans or evidence, and will for decisions or predictions.The meeting starts at ten tomorrow.I am meeting Ana after lunch.10 left
• B1Past perfectPast perfect marks an event that happened before another past event, using had plus the past participle.The train had departed before we arrived.She had already eaten before the guests came.10 left
• B1Modals of probabilityModal verbs express degrees of probability: must is strong, may and might are possible, and cannot rules something out.The delay may be caused by heavy traffic.She must be in the office by now.10 left
• B1Phrasal verbsA phrasal verb combines a verb with a particle and often has a meaning different from the verb alone.Please look into the concern.She turned down the invitation.10 left
• B2Noun clauses and embedded questionsA noun clause does a noun's job — subject, object or complement — and begins with that, whether, or a wh word. Inside it, word order stays that of a statement.What the notice said surprised everyone.She asked whether the office had reopened.10 left
• B2Participle phrasesA participle phrase shortens a clause and must describe the subject that follows it. Present participles are active; past participles are passive; having plus a past participle marks an earlier event.Built in 1908, the station still serves the line.Having filed the appeal, she waited.10 left
• B2Parallel structureItems joined by and, or, or a paired conjunction must share a grammatical form. Whatever follows the first half of not only… but also must match what follows the second.The role involves planning, drafting and reporting.She is respected not only for her skill but also for her patience.10 left
• B2Dangling modifiersAn opening phrase must describe the subject of the main clause. If the sentence never names the doer, the phrase attaches to the wrong thing, and the fix is to name the doer.Having arrived late, we missed the opening.After reading the notice, she moved her car.10 left
• B2Limiting and squinting modifiersA limiting word restricts whatever follows it, so its position decides the meaning. A squinting modifier sits between two things it could modify and must be moved.She only signed the second form.He nearly worked the whole weekend.10 left
• B2Perfect progressivePerfect progressive shows an action running up to a point in time, and emphasises duration rather than completion. Choose the auxiliary for the point you mean: has, had, or will have.She has been waiting since noon.They had been working there for years.10 left
• B2SubjunctiveAfter verbs of asking, requiring and recommending, the that clause takes the bare form of the verb. Were replaces was in unreal conditions and after wish.The board asked that the clause be removed.If it were cheaper, we would take it.10 left
• B2Gerunds and infinitivesSome verbs take a gerund, some an infinitive, and a few take either with a change of meaning. A verb following a preposition is always a gerund.She avoided signing until she had read it.He agreed to sign the following morning.10 left
• B2Stative and dynamic verbsStative verbs describe conditions rather than actions and normally avoid the progressive. A few change meaning when they do take it.She owns two properties.He is being unusually careful today.10 left
• B2ArticlesA and an introduce something not yet identified; the points to something already identified or unique. Uncountable and plural nouns take no article when the meaning is general.She rented an apartment near the university.Water is scarce in the region.10 left
• B2Advanced agreementWith either…or and neither…nor, the verb agrees with the nearer subject. Amounts, subjects and some -s nouns take singular verbs; the number is singular and a number is plural.Politics is rarely discussed at work.Half of the shipment was damaged in transit.10 left
• B2Advanced reported speechBackshifting continues into the perfect and the conditional: will becomes would, has becomes had, and did becomes had done. Time and place words shift with them.She said she would have finished by then.He asked how long it had been closed.10 left
• B2Inversion, fronting and cleftFronting a negative or restrictive phrase forces subject-auxiliary inversion. A cleft splits one sentence in two to put the emphasis where you want it.Seldom have the crews worked through a weekend.It is the parking that residents complain about.10 left
• B2Mixed conditionalsMixed conditionals connect an unreal past condition with a present result, or an unreal present condition with a past result.If I had studied medicine, I would work in a clinic now.If she were more organised, she would have finished on time.10 left
• B2Advanced modalityModal perfects express conclusions, missed obligations and possibilities about the past: must have, should have, could have and might have.The report must have been misplaced.The change could have reduced demand.10 left
• B2Reduced relative clausesReduced relative clauses use a present participle for an active meaning and a past participle for a passive meaning.The documents submitted last week are ready.Students living nearby can commute easily.10 left
• B2NominalisationNominalisation changes a verb or adjective into a noun phrase, often creating a formal style but also making sentences denser.The committee decided to postpone the vote.The postponement of the meeting was announced.10 left
• C1Discourse connectorsConnectors show the relationship between ideas. Use nevertheless for contrast, moreover for an added point, albeit for a concession, and insofar as for a limited qualification.The proposal is costly; nevertheless, it may be worthwhile.The evidence is limited; moreover, it comes from one region.10 left
• C1Advanced subordinationSubordinators show concession, condition, limitation or contrast. Choose a clause connector that matches the relationship between ideas.Although the evidence is limited, the pattern remains useful.Whatever the result, the review will continue.10 left
• C1Academic noun phrasesAcademic noun phrases combine determiners, modifiers and prepositional phrases to express precise relationships compactly.The rapid expansion of the programme created pressure.A substantial reduction in costs followed.10 left
• C1Register and collocationFormal writing depends on words that naturally occur together and on choices appropriate to the audience and purpose.The committee reached a carefully considered decision.The study raises a major concern.10 left
• C2Emphasis and hedgingInversion and cleft sentences focus attention on one idea. Hedging verbs and adverbs such as may, appears and broadly express a careful level of certainty.What matters most is whether the evidence is replicable.The finding appears to be broadly consistent with earlier work.10 left
• C2Nuanced stanceHedging and evaluative language let writers express probability, limitation and judgement without claiming more than the evidence supports.Available evidence appears to support the conclusion.It would be premature to dismiss the proposal.10 left
• C2Rhetorical syntaxInversion, clefts and fronting change information structure so the most important idea receives focus.Not until the audit ended did the pattern become clear.So intricate was the process that few understood it.10 left
• C2Ambiguity and stylePlace modifiers and pronouns so that only one interpretation is available, especially in formal or complex sentences.The manager told the assistant that she should revise the draft.The updated policy applies to every staff member.10 left

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